大家是否发现过这个一个事项，就是有时候自己买了衣服没过了几天就变小了，许多朋友都以为是自己变胖了，幼儿园园服小编来告诉大家其实不是这样的，接下来小编给大家说一下织物的缩水率。
Have you ever noticed this matter? Sometimes you buy your own clothes and it becomes smaller after a few days. Many friends think you are getting fat. Kindergarten uniform knitting tells you that it is not. Next, let's talk about the shrinkage rate of the fabric.
织物的缩水率是指织物在洗刷或浸水后织物收缩的百分数。缩水是纺织品在一定状况经过洗刷、脱水、枯燥等进程发作长度或宽度改变的一种现象。
The shrinkage of fabrics refers to the percentage of shrinkage of fabrics after washing or soaking. Shrinkage is a phenomenon that textiles change in length or width after washing, dehydration and dryness.
缩水程度触及不同品种的纤维、织物的结构、织物加工时所受之不同外力作用等等。
The shrinkage degree touches on different kinds of fibers, fabric structure, different external forces acting on the fabrics during processing, etc.
缩水率小的是合成纤维及混纺织品，其次是毛织品、麻织品、棉织品居中，丝织品缩水较大，而大的是粘胶纤维、人工棉、人工毛类织物。
The shrinkage of synthetic fibers and blended textiles is the smallest, followed by wool, linen and cotton fabrics in the middle, silk fabrics shrinkage is larger, and the largest is viscose, artificial cotton and artificial wool fabrics.
客观的讲，全棉面料多少都存在着缩水褪色的问题，关键是后面的收拾。所以一般家纺的面料都是经过预缩处理。值得注意的是经过预缩处理不等于不缩水，
Objectively speaking, there is a problem of shrinkage and fading of all cotton fabrics. The key is to clean up the back. Therefore, the fabric of general home textiles is pre shrinking. It is worth noting that shrinkage is not the same as shrinking.
而是指缩水率控制在国标3%~4%以，内衣料尤其是天然纤维的衣料会缩水。因而，在选购衣料时，除了对织物的质量、色泽、花型进行选择外，对织物的缩水率也应当有所了解。
It means that the shrinkage rate is controlled in the national standard 3%~4%, and the material of underwear materials, especially natural fibers, will shrink. Therefore, when choosing clothes, besides choosing the quality, color and pattern of the fabric, the shrinkage rate of the fabric should also be understood.
一般面料的缩水率
Shrinkage of general fabrics
棉：4%~10%
Cotton: 4%~10%
化纤：4%~8%
Chemical fiber: 4%~8%
棉涤：3.5%~5 5%
Cotton polyester: 3.5%~5 5%
斜纹布：4%
Twill: 4%
人工棉：10%
Artificial cotton: 10%
影 / 响 / 缩 / 水 / 率 / 的 / 原 / 因
Shadow / ring / shrink / water / rate / / / cause
1原材料
1 raw materials
织物的原材料不同，缩水率不同。一般来说，吸湿性大的纤维，浸水后纤维胀大，直径增大，长度缩短，缩水率就大。如有的粘胶纤维吸水率高达13%，而合成纤维织物吸湿性差，其缩水率就小。
The raw materials of fabrics are different, and the shrinkage rate is different. Generally speaking, the fibers with large moisture absorption expand, diameter increases, length shortens and shrinkage rate increases after immersion. For example, the water absorption rate of viscose fiber is as high as 13%, while the moisture absorption of synthetic fabric is poor, and its shrinkage rate is small.
2密度
2 density
织物的密度不同，缩水率也不同。如经纬向密度附近，其经纬向缩水率也挨近。经密度大的织品，经向缩水就大，反之，纬密大于经密的织品，纬向缩水也就大。
The density of fabric is different and the shrinkage rate is different. If the warp and weft density is near, the longitude and latitude shrinkage also approaches. If the warp density is high, the warp shrinkage will be large. On the contrary, if the weft density is greater than the warp density, the weft shrinkage will be large.
3纱支粗细
3 yarn thickness
织物纱支粗细不同，缩水率也不同。纱支粗的布缩水率就大，纱支细的织物缩水率就小。
Fabric yarn thickness is different, shrinkage rate is also different. The shrinkage of gauze cloth is large, and the shrinkage of gauze is small.

4出产工艺
4 production technology
织物出产工艺不同，缩水率也不同。一般来说，织物在织造和染整进程中，纤维要拉伸屡次，加工时间长，施加张力较大的织物缩水率就大，反之就小。
Fabric production process is different, shrinkage rate is also different. Generally speaking, in the process of weaving and dyeing and finishing, the fibers need to be stretched several times, the processing time is long, the shrinkage rate of the fabric with greater tension is large, and vice versa is small.
5纤维成分
5 fiber composition
天然植物纤维（如棉、麻）和植物再生纤维（如粘胶）与合成纤维（如涤纶、腈纶）比较，简单吸湿胀大，因而缩水率较大，而羊毛则是因为纤维外表的鳞片结构而简单毡化，影响其尺度稳定性。
Compared with synthetic fibers such as polyester and acrylic fibers, natural plant fibers (such as cotton, hemp) and regenerated plant fibers (such as viscose) have higher water absorption and shrinkage, while wool is simply felted because of its scale structure, which affects its scale stability.
6织物结构
6 fabric structure
一般状况下，机织物的尺度稳定性要优于针织物；高密度织物的尺度稳定性要优于低密度的。在机织物中，一般平纹织物的缩水率小于法兰绒织物；而针织物中，平针安排的缩水率又小于罗纹织物。
In general, the dimensional stability of woven fabrics is better than that of knitted fabrics, and that of high density fabrics is better than that of low density fabrics. In general, the shrinkage of plain weave fabric is less than that of flannel fabric, while in knitted fabric, the shrinkage of plain knitting arrangement is less than that of rib fabric.
7出产加工
7 production processing
因为织物在染色、印花、后收拾进程中，不可避免的会遭到机器的拉伸，然后有张力存在于织物上。但是织物在遇水后很简单免除张力，因而咱们会在洗刷后发现织物缩水。在实践工艺中，咱们一般用预缩水来处理这个问题。
Because in the process of dyeing, printing and finishing, the fabric will inevitably be stretched by the machine, and then tension exists on the fabric. But the fabric is easy to avoid tension after encountering water, so we will find the fabric shrink after washing. In practice, we usually use pre shrinkage to deal with this problem.
8洗刷护理
8 washing care
洗刷护理包含洗刷、枯燥、熨烫，这三步每一步都会影响到织物的缩水。例如手洗样品的尺度稳定性要优于机洗的样品，而洗刷的温度同样会影响其尺度稳定性。一般来说，温度越高，稳定性越差。样品的枯燥方法对织物的缩率影响也是比较大的。
Washing and washing involves washing, boring and ironing. Every step of these three steps will affect the shrinkage of fabric. For example, the scale stability of hand-washed samples is better than that of machine-washed samples, and the temperature of washing also affects the scale stability. Generally speaking, the higher the temperature, the worse the stability. The drying method of sample has a great influence on shrinkage of fabric.
常用的枯燥方法有、滴水枯燥法，金属网平铺法，挂干枯燥法和转筒烘干法。其间滴水枯燥法对织物的尺度影响小，而转筒拱干法对织物的尺度影响大，其他两种居中。
The commonly used drying methods are dripping drying, metal mesh spreading, hanging drying and rotary drying. In the meantime, drip drying method has the smallest influence on fabric size, while rotary cylinder arch drying method has the greatest influence on fabric size, the other two are in the middle.
别的，依据织物的成分选择一个合适的熨烫温度，也能够改进织物的缩水状况。例如，棉麻织物能够经过高温熨烫改进其尺度缩率。
In addition, choosing an appropriate ironing temperature according to the composition of the fabric can also improve the shrinkage of the fabric. For example, cotton and linen fabrics can be ironed by high temperature to improve their scale shrinkage.
但并非温度越高越好，关于合成纤维来说，高温熨烫非但不能改进它的缩率，反而会对它的功能有所损坏，如面料发硬发脆等。
But not the higher the temperature, the better. For synthetic fibers, high temperature ironing can not improve its shrinkage, but damage its function, such as brittle and hard fabrics.